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loveflower 2007-3-11 12:44

Cranberry

Cranberries are a group of <a title="Evergreen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen">evergreen</a> dwarf <a title="Shrub" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrub">shrubs</a> or trailing vines in the genus <a title="Vaccinium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium">Vaccinium</a> subgenus Oxycoccus, or in some treatments, in the distinct genus Oxycoccus. They are found in <a title="Acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid">acidic</a>
<a title="Bog" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog">bogs</a> throughout the cooler parts of the <a title="Northern Hemisphere" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>.Cranberries are low, creeping shrubs or vines up to 2 m long and 5 to 20 cm in height <a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.cranberryinstitute.org/about_cranberry.htm" href="http://www.cranberryinstitute.org/about_cranberry.htm" rel="nofollow">[2]</a>, with slender, wiry stems, not thickly woody, and small <a title="Evergreen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen">evergreen</a> leaves. The <a title="Flower" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower">flowers</a> are dark pink, with very distinct reflexed
<a title="Petal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petal">petals</a>, leaving the style and stamens fully exposed and pointing forward. They are pollinated by domestic honey bees. The fruit is a <a title="Berry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry">berry</a> that is larger than the leaves of the plant; it is initially white, but turns a deep red when fully ripe. It is edible, with an <a title="Acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid">acidic</a> taste that can overwhelm its sweetness.Cranberries are a major commercial crop in certain US states and Canadian provinces (see "Cultivation and Uses" below). Most cranberries are processed into products such as juice, sauce, and sweetened dried cranberries, with the remainder sold fresh to consumers. <a title="Cranberry sauce" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry_sauce">Cranberry sauce</a> is widely regarded as an indispensable part of the traditional American and Canadian <a title="Thanksgiving" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanksgiving">Thanksgiving</a> menu.[attach]6563[/attach]

loveflower 2007-3-11 12:47

There are three to four species of cranberry, classified in two sections:<dl><dt>Subgenus Oxycoccus, sect. Oxycoccus    </dt></dl><ul><li>Vaccinium oxycoccus or Oxycoccus palustris (Common Cranberry or Northern Cranberry) is widespread throughout the cool temperate <a title="Northern Hemisphere" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a>, including northern <a title="Europe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe">Europe</a>, northern <a title="Asia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia">Asia</a> and northern <a title="North America" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America">North America</a>. It has small 5-10 mm leaves. The flowers are dark pink, with a purple central spike, produced on finely hairy stems. The fruit is a small pale pink <a title="Berry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry">berry</a>, with a refreshing sharp acidic flavour. </li><li>Vaccinium microcarpum or Oxycoccus microcarpus (Small Cranberry) occurs in northern Europe and northern Asia, and differs from V. oxycoccus in the leaves being more triangular, and the flower stems hairless. Some botanists include it within V. oxycoccus. </li><li>Vaccinium macrocarpon or Oxycoccus macrocarpus (American Cranberry) native to northeastern <a title="North America" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America">North America</a> (eastern <a title="Canada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada">Canada</a>, and eastern <a title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">United States</a>, south to <a title="North Carolina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina">North Carolina</a> at high altitudes). It differs from V. oxycoccus in the leaves being larger, 10-20 mm long, and in its slightly apple-like taste. </li></ul><dl><dt>Subgenus Oxycoccus, sect. Oxycoccoides    </dt></dl><ul><li>Vaccinium erythrocarpum or Oxycoccus erythrocarpus (<a title="Southern Mountain Cranberry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Mountain_Cranberry">Southern Mountain Cranberry</a>) native to southeastern <a title="North America" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_America">North America</a> at high altitudes in the southern <a title="Appalachian Mountains" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains">Appalachian Mountains</a>, and also in eastern <a title="Asia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia">Asia</a>. </li></ul>Cranberries are related to the <a title="Bilberry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilberry">bilberries</a>, <a title="Blueberry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueberry">blueberries</a>, and <a title="Huckleberry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huckleberry">huckleberries</a>, all in Vaccinium subgenus Vaccinium. These differ in having stouter, woodier stems forming taller shrubs, and in the bell-shaped flowers, the petals not being reflexed.Some plants of the completely unrelated genus <a title="Viburnum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viburnum">Viburnum</a> are sometimes inaccurately called "highbush cranberries".Cranberries are susceptible to false blossom, a harmful but controllable <a title="Phytoplasma" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytoplasma">phytoplasma</a> disease that is most common in the eastern production areas of Massachusetts and New Jersey.[attach]6564[/attach]Health benefitsCranberries are a source of <a title="Polyphenol antioxidant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol_antioxidant">polyphenol antioxidants</a>, chemicals which are known to provide certain health benefits to the <a title="Cardiovascular system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular_system">cardiovascular system</a> and <a title="Immune system" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system">immune system</a>.There is some use of cranberry juice by people with <a title="Spinal paralysis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_paralysis">spinal paralysis</a>; regular consumption of the juice is supposed to reduce the rate of <a title="Urinary tract infection" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection">urinary tract infections</a>. While much of the evidence is equivocal, a number of <a title="Double-blind" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-blind">double-blind</a>   <a title="Clinical trial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_trial">clinical trials</a> have been carried out that suggest there actually is an effect: a component of the juice appears to competitively inhibit bacterial attachment to the <a title="Urinary bladder" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder">bladder</a> and <a title="Urethra" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urethra">urethra</a><a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.idsociety.org/Content/ContentGroups/News_Releases/2004_Meeting/A_Glass_(or_Two)_of_Cranberry_Juice_A_Day_May_Keep_Bladder_Infection_Away.htm" href="http://www.idsociety.org/Content/ContentGroups/News_Releases/2004_Meeting/A_Glass_(or_Two)_of_Cranberry_Juice_A_Day_May_Keep_Bladder_Infection_Away.htm" rel="nofollow">[4]</a> allowing the bacteria to be flushed out more easily. Cranberries also act as a <a title="Prebiotic (nutrition)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prebiotic_(nutrition)">prebiotic</a>, promoting the growth of beneficial <a title="Lactobacillus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus">lactobacillus</a> bacteria while inhibiting the growth of harmful <a title="Escherichia coli" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli">E. coli</a> and <a title="Listeria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listeria">listeria</a>.An autumn 2004 caution from the <a class="new" title="Committee on Safety of Medicines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Committee_on_Safety_of_Medicines&action=edit">Committee on Safety of Medicines</a>, the UK agency dealing with drug safety, advised patients taking <a title="Warfarin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfarin">warfarin</a> not to drink cranberry juice after adverse effects were reported.Cranberries also contain significant concentrations of <a title="Benzoic acid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzoic_acid">benzoic acid</a>, which in combination with <a title="Vitamin C" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_C">Vitamin C</a> forms small amounts of the <a title="List of IARC Group 1 carcinogens" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_1_carcinogens">group 1 carcinogen</a>   <a title="Benzene" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene">benzene</a>.<a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#_note-0">[1]</a>Cranberry juice contains a chemical component, a high <a title="Molecular mass" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_mass">molecular weight</a> non-<a title="Dialysis (biochemistry)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialysis_(biochemistry)">dializable</a> material (NDM), that is able to inhibit and even reverse the formation of <a title="Plaque" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaque">plaque</a> by <a title="Streptococcus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus">Streptococcus</a> mutan pathogens that cause tooth decay.<a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#_note-1">[2]</a><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry#_note-2">[3]</a>Cranberry juice also, supposedly prevents the formation of kidney stones. 
[align=right][color=#000066][此贴子已经被作者于2007-3-11 12:48:16编辑过][/color][/align]

丘灵 2007-3-12 15:19

I like cranberry juice! And now I like it more because it is healthy too!

loveflower 2007-3-13 05:57

It is the first time I know that cranberry grows in water instead of on land as bushes just like other "berry"s. The apple cranberry juice tastes good, a lot of sugar must have been added.You know the cranberry fruit is too sour, even for me, a sour stuffs lover. BTW, you can try some cocktails with cranberry too. I found some recipes from here:<a href="http://www.in-the-spirit.co.uk/cocktails/browse_cocktails.php?type=ing&ing_id=65">http://www.in-the-spirit.co.uk/cocktails/browse_cocktails.php?type=ing&ing_id=65</a>pretty good, worth a try, hehe

loveflower 2007-3-13 05:59

And the cranberry flower looks lovely.

丘灵 2007-3-14 02:21

cranberry cocktail would be lovely, thanks. Actually, many cocktails contain cranberry juice. :)

kimkim 2007-3-30 21:49

We went for a booast last week, my friend ordered apple cranberry juice.?Since i have no idea what is cranberry, i picked mango passion smoothies.?But none of us know how cranberry looks like, now i know.?hehe~ the first picture is so lovely, i'll have a try on apply cranberry juice next time.?thanks

loveflower 2007-3-31 02:04

the cranberry juice itself is really sour, but with sufficient sugur, it tastes good.

轮廓外 2007-3-31 22:50

British people usually eat fresh cranberries near summertimes. But in fact they are not that delicious not because of its sour but the texture. The seeds inside always make me feel uncomfortable  :SHowever, the British mince pie that served only during Christmas time is really fabulous! People combine cranberry jam and mince together inside cup-sized pies.Usually it's served with coffee or tea as the last course of a Christmas meal. Moreover, cranberry jam itself is always served along the main course such as roasted beef or other meat. I have ever worked on these meals as a waitress who was always busy serving cranberry jam =)
[align=right][color=#000066][此贴子已经被作者于2007-3-31 22:53:42编辑过][/color][/align]

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