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loveflower 2007-4-5 11:17

Raspberry

The Raspberry or Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) is a <a title="Plant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant">plant</a> that produces a <a title="Tart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tart">tart</a>, sweet, red composite <a title="Fruit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit">fruit</a> in summer or early autumn. In proper <a title="Botany" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany">botanical</a> language, it is not a <a title="Berry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry">berry</a> at all, but instead an <a title="Fruit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit#Aggregate_fruit">aggregate fruit</a> of numerous <a title="Drupe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupe">drupelets</a> around a central core. In raspberry and other species of the subgenus Idaeobatus, the drupelets separate from the core when picked, leaving a hollow fruit, whereas in <a title="Blackberry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackberry">blackberry</a> the drupelets stay attached to the core.It typically grows in forest clearings or fields, particularly where fire or wood-cutting has produced open space for colonization by this opportunistic colonizer of disturbed soil. The raspberry flower can be a <a title="Northern Nectar Sources for Honeybees" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Nectar_Sources_for_Honeybees">major nectar source</a> for <a title="Honeybee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeybee">honeybees</a>. As a cultivated plant in moist temperate regions, it is easy to grow and has a tendency to spread unless cut back.Two types are commercially available: the wild-type summer bearing, that produces an abundance of fruit on second-year canes within a relatively short period in midsummer, and double- or "ever"-bearing plants, which also bear a few fruit on first-year canes in the autumn, as well as the summer crop on second-year canes. In the <a title="United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">United States</a>, raspberries can be cultivated from <a title="USDA plant hardiness zone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USDA_plant_hardiness_zone">USDA plant hardiness zones</a> 3 to 9.Leaves of the raspberry cane are used fresh or dried in herbal and medicinal <a title="Herbal tea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_tea">teas</a>. The leaves have an astringent flavour and in <a title="Herbal medicine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_medicine">herbal medicine</a> are reputed to be effective in regulating <a title="Menses" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menses">menses</a>. Leaves are found in groups of 3 or 5 and the undersides are silver-white in color. Blackberries have similar looking leaves but the undersides are green.Raspberries contain significant amounts of <a title="Polyphenol antioxidant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol_antioxidant">polyphenol antioxidants</a>, chemicals linked to promoting <a title="Endothelial" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial">endothelial</a> and <a title="Cardiovascular" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiovascular">cardiovascular</a> health. <a title="Xylitol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylitol">Xylitol</a>, a <a title="Sugar alcohol" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_alcohol">sugar alcohol</a>
<a title="Alternative sweetener" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_sweetener">alternative sweetener</a>, can be extracted from raspberries.GrowingRaspberries are grown for two reasons: for the fresh market and for commercial processing. Traditionally raspberries were a late summer crop, but with new technology, varieties and innovations, raspberries can be enjoyed all year-round. Raspberries need a lot of sun and ample amounts of water in order to develop to their fullest. Escaped raspberries frequently appear as garden weeds, spread by seeds found in the excrement of birds.<a id="Culture" name="Culture"></a><h2>[<a title="Edit section: Culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raspberry&action=edit&section=2">edit</a>]
Culture</h2>Raspberries are normally started in the winter from dormant canes. These should be planted 1m apart in fertile, well drained soil. Prepare the soil before planting by digging deeply and incorporate plenty of organic matter, such as compost.In the first year, remove all flowers to allow the plant to build up reserves and to grow bigger. From the second year, previous year's canes will flower in the spring and the fruit will ripen in the summer. Water and feed well in the spring and summer, but decrease water and food in the autumn. This will harden the canes to survive the winter.In the winter, prune out old flowered canes, down to the ground level. Of the new canes, remove all small and weak ones. Remove ones that are growing too close to each other - allow around 10-15cm between canes. Most varieties will need to be staked.Raspberries are very vigorous and can be a little invasive. They will sucker new canes some distance from the main plant. In the spring, mark out the boundary of the plant and push a spade straight down the boundary. This will sever the suckers. Then dig out the suckers that grow outside the boundary.Pick the fruits when they have turned a deep red and drop off easily from the core when touched. This is when the fruits are most ripe and sweetest. Excess fruit can be made into raspberry jam or frozen.[attach]6816[/attach]

丘灵 2007-4-5 14:39

Raspberry's a bit too sour for me... not as good as blueberry or even grapes.

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